The 1854 Gazetteer of the United States by Thomas Baldwin shows:

RANDOLPH, a county in the E. part of Indiana, bordering on Ohio, contains 440 square miles. It is drained by the Whitewater, Mississinewa, and White rivers, of which the first and second rise within it. The surface is nearly level; the soil is fertile, and adapted to grass and grain. There are a few wet prairies in the county. Indian corn, wheat, oats, and grass are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 526,197 bushels of corn; 67,048 of wheat; 75,290 of oats, and 7361 1/2 tons of hay. It contained 32 churches, and 1 newspaper office. It is intersected by the Bellefontaine and Indianapolis, the Cincinnati, Union and Fort Wayne, and other railroads. Capital, Winchester. Population, 14,725.